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Q1. With reference to the Sengol and Chola tradition, consider the following statements:
i) Sengol is a sceptre associated with transfer of power and righteous rule in Tamil tradition.
ii) The Sengol is historically linked with the Chola dynasty.
iii) The Sengol was originally conceived as a symbol of military conquest by the Cholas.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Sengol symbolizes ethical and just governance. Statement 2 is correct: The tradition is associated with Chola-era coronation customs. Statement 3 is incorrect: It represented righteous authority and dharma, not military conquest alone.
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Q2. With reference to critical minerals in India, consider the following statements:
i) Lithium is classified as a critical mineral because of its importance in battery manufacturing.
ii) India recently identified lithium reserves in Jammu and Kashmir.
iii) Rare earth elements are exclusively found in India and not in any other country.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Lithium is essential for EV batteries and energy storage systems. Statement 2 is correct: Geological exploration identified lithium resources in the Reasi district of Jammu & Kashmir. Statement 3 is incorrect: Rare earth elements occur in several countries including China, Australia, USA, and India.
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Q3. With reference to the Uniform Civil Code in India, consider the following statements:
i) Article 44 of the Constitution mentions the Uniform Civil Code as part of the Directive Principles of State Policy.
ii) The Uniform Civil Code seeks to replace personal laws based on religion with a common set of civil laws for all citizens.
iii) Fundamental Rights automatically override Directive Principles in all circumstances according to the Constitution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Article 44 directs the State to endeavor to secure a Uniform Civil Code for citizens. Statement 2 is correct: UCC aims to create common civil laws relating to marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, etc. Statement 3 is incorrect: The relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles is based on constitutional harmony and judicial interpretation, not automatic overriding in every circumstance.
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Q4. Consider the following statements regarding Sovereign Green Bonds.
i) Sovereign Green Bonds are government debt instruments used to finance environmentally sustainable projects.
ii) Funds raised through Sovereign Green Bonds can be used for renewable energy and clean transportation projects.
iii) Sovereign Green Bonds are issued exclusively in foreign currencies to attract international investors.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: These are government-backed bonds meant to finance green infrastructure and climate-related projects. Statement 2 is correct: Eligible sectors include renewable energy, sustainable transport, energy efficiency, and climate adaptation. Statement 3 is incorrect: India has issued Sovereign Green Bonds in Indian rupees as well; they are not restricted to foreign currencies
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Q5. Consider the following statements regarding Geographical Indication tags.
i) A Geographical Indication tag identifies goods as originating from a particular region where a given quality or reputation is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.
ii) Geographical Indications in India are governed by the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999.
iii) Only agricultural products can receive GI tags in India.
iv) Darjeeling Tea was the first Indian product to receive a GI tag.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: A GI tag links the product’s quality, reputation, or characteristics to a specific geographical origin. Statement 2 is correct: GI protection in India is provided under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999. Statement 3 is incorrect: GI tags are not limited to agricultural goods. Handicrafts, manufactured goods, food products, and textiles can also receive GI status, like Darjeeling Tea, Mysore Silk, Pochampally Ikat etc. Statement 4 is correct: Darjeeling Tea became the first Indian product to obtain a GI tag in 2004–05.