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Q1. Consider the following statements with reference to Parliamentary Privileges in India.
i) Parliamentary privileges are special rights and immunities enjoyed by Parliament and its members for effective functioning of the legislature.
ii) Article 105 of the Constitution deals with powers and privileges of Parliament and its members.
iii) Parliamentary privileges in India have been comprehensively codified by a law enacted by Parliament.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Privileges ensure the independence and efficient functioning of the legislature. Statement 2 is correct: Article 105 relates to Parliament, while Article 194 deals with State Legislatures. Statement 3 is incorrect: Most parliamentary privileges in India remain uncodified and are based on constitutional provisions, conventions, and judicial interpretations.
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Q2. With reference to Fiscal Deficit in India, consider these statements:
i) Fiscal deficit occurs when the government’s total expenditure exceeds its total receipts excluding borrowings.
ii) A high fiscal deficit necessarily indicates high inflation in every situation.
iii) The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act aims to ensure fiscal discipline.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Fiscal deficit reflects the borrowing requirement of the government. Fiscal Deficit=Total Expenditure−(Revenue Receipts+Non-debt Capital Receipts) Statement 2 is incorrect: Fiscal deficit may contribute to inflation in some situations, but not necessarily in every case. Statement 3 is correct: The FRBM Act seeks fiscal prudence and reduction of deficits.
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Q3. With reference to the Horn of Africa, consider the following statements:
i) The Horn of Africa lies along the western side of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
ii) Countries commonly associated with the Horn of Africa include Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti.
iii) The region is strategically important because of its proximity to major global shipping routes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The region projects into the Arabian Sea near the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Statement 2 is correct: Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti are the core Horn of Africa countries. Statement 3 is correct: Its location near the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait makes it strategically important for international trade and energy transport.
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Q4. With reference to Genetically Modified (GM) Mustard in India, consider the following statements:
i) GM mustard has been developed using genetic engineering techniques to improve certain traits such as yield.
ii) The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) functions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
iii) Commercial cultivation of GM mustard in India has faced debates related to biosafety and environmental concerns.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: GM mustard uses biotechnology for traits like hybrid seed production and productivity enhancement. Statement 2 is correct: GEAC is the apex regulatory body for GM organisms under the Environment Ministry. Statement 3 is correct: Concerns have been raised regarding biodiversity, pollination, biosafety, and long-term ecological impacts.
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Q5. With reference to the Annona Whitefly (Aleurotrachelus anonae), recently reported in India, consider the following statements:
i) It is an invasive alien insect species affecting horticultural crops.
ii) It primarily infests plants belonging to the custard apple group.
iii) Whiteflies can damage plants both by sap-sucking and by promoting fungal growth through honeydew secretion.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Annona Whitefly is an invasive alien pest species recently recorded in India. Statement 2 is correct: It commonly affects plants of the Annona genus, including custard apple. Statement 3 is correct: Like many whiteflies, it feeds on plant sap and secretes honeydew, which encourages sooty mold fungal growth and reduces photosynthesis.