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Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the Kakatiya dynasty.
i) The Kakatiyas ruled significant parts of the Deccan region.
ii) Rudrama Devi was associated with the Kakatiya dynasty whose capital was located at Warangal.
iii) The dynasty is associated with notable use of Sandbox Technique and Floating Bricks for temple architecture.
iv) Rudreshwara Temple and Thousand Pillar Temple are notable ones built during their reign.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The Kakatiyas emerged as a major regional power in the Deccan. Statement 2 is correct: Rudrama Devi was associated with the Kakatiya dynasty whose capital was located at Warangal. Statement 3 is correct: The dynasty is associated with notable use of Sandbox Technique and Floating Bricks for temple architecture. Statement 4 is correct: Rudreshwara Temple and Thousand Pillar Temple are notable ones built during their reign.
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Q2. It is a river with tributaries like Harangi, Hemavati, Arkavathy, Kabini and Amaravati. It makes waterfalls like Shivanasamudra Falls and Hogenakkal Falls. And the river flows through three important states. Which river is described here?
- Kaveri river has tributaries like Harangi, Hemavati, Arkavathy, Kabini and Amaravati. It makes waterfalls like Shivanasamudra Falls and Hogenakkal Falls. The river flows through three important states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
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Q3. Consider the following statements about the Siachen Glacier:
i) The Siachen Glacier lies in the eastern part of the Karakoram Range and is widely recognized as the highest battlefield in the world.
ii) The Siachen Glacier is located north of the Nubra Valley.
iii) India controls NJ 9842 and the dominating heights of the Saltoro Ridge.
iv) India has maintained military control over this region since Operation Meghdoot in 1984.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. Siachen is located in the eastern Karakoram mountain range in the Himalayas. It holds the unique and unfortunate record of being the world’s highest battlefield. Statement 2 is correct. The Siachen Glacier is located north of the Nubra Valley with a glacier feeding the Nubra river. Statement 3 is correct. India controls NJ 9842 and the dominating heights of the Saltoro Ridge. Statement 4 is correct. In April 1984, India launched a military operation named Operation Meghdoot that allowed it to occupy key positions on the glacier and the heights overlooking it. Since then, India has maintained a permanent military presence on the glacier itself. Pakistan challenges India’s control over the region, leading to a long-standing territorial dispute.
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Q4. Consider the following statements about the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations:
i) The Trusteeship Council was formed as one of the six main organs of the United Nations with the primary goal of ensuring that trust territories were governed in a way that promoted the well-being of their people and prepared them for self-government or independence.
ii) The Council included both administering powers and non-administering powers as its members, and it had the authority to send visiting missions to the trust territories to observe conditions on the ground.
iii) Even though all trust territories have attained independence or merged with other states, the Trusteeship Council continues to hold annual meetings and remains actively involved in current international territorial matters.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. The Trusteeship Council was established under the UN Charter to supervise the administration of trust territories. Its core objective was to advance the political, economic, social, and educational development of the inhabitants while guiding the territories toward eventual self-rule or full independence. Statement 2 is correct. The membership of the Council was structured to include countries that administered trust territories as well as those that did not. One of its important functions was conducting periodic visits to the territories to directly assess living conditions, governance practices, and progress toward development goals. Statement 3 is incorrect. While it is true that all original trust territories have achieved independence or integration, the Trusteeship Council has been largely inactive since 1994. It does not hold regular annual meetings anymore and has no active role in ongoing international territorial issues. It exists only on paper as a dormant organ that could be revived if needed in the future.
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Q5. Consider the following statements about microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation:
i) MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules, typically 20–25 nucleotides in length, that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression after the mRNA has been transcribed from DNA.
ii) miRNAs primarily function by binding to the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of target messenger RNA (mRNA), which leads to the complete cutting and immediate degradation of the mRNA strand.
iii) One miRNA molecule can regulate multiple different mRNA targets, and a single mRNA can be regulated by several different miRNAs, allowing for complex and fine-tuned control of gene expression.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. MicroRNAs are indeed short non-coding RNAs (usually 21–23 nucleotides long) that act as important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are processed from longer precursor molecules and become part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Statement 2 is incorrect. miRNAs typically bind to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the target mRNA rather than the 5' UTR. Their binding usually results in either the repression of protein translation or the destabilization and gradual degradation of the mRNA, not immediate cutting in most cases (except in plants where perfect complementarity often leads to cleavage). Statement 3 is correct. This reflects the important feature of miRNA regulation. The system is highly networked — individual miRNAs can target hundreds of different mRNAs, and most mRNAs are under the control of multiple miRNAs. This creates a sophisticated layer of gene regulation essential for normal cellular functions and responses.