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Q1. Under which Article of the Indian Constitution is the State Finance Commission constituted to review the financial position of Panchayati Raj Institutions and recommend principles for resource devolution?
- Article 243-I mandates the Governor of a State to constitute a State Finance Commission every five years. This body is responsible for reviewing the financial health of the Panchayats and recommending the distribution of tax revenues between the State and the local bodies.
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Q2. Consider the following statements regarding cotton cultivation in India:
i) Cotton is predominantly a Kharif crop that requires 6 to 8 months of frost-free days to mature fully.
ii) It grows best in the alluvial soils of the northern plains compared to the moisture-retentive black soils of the Deccan plateau.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct; cotton is a Kharif crop requiring high temperatures, light rainfall, and 210 frost-free days. Statement 2 is incorrect; cotton thrives best in the deep, moisture-retentive "black cotton soils" (Regur soil) found in the Deccan plateau (Maharashtra, Gujarat, etc.), not the alluvial soils of the north.
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Q3. In the context of Middle Eastern geography, which of the following nations does not share a direct land border with the Islamic Republic of Iran?
- Iran shares land borders with seven countries: Iraq and Turkey to the west, Armenia and Azerbaijan to the northwest, Turkmenistan to the northeast, and Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east. It does not share a land border with Syria (they are separated by Iraq).
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Q4. The Jan Samarth Portal, a flagship digital initiative of the Government of India, is primarily designed to serve which of the following purposes?
- The Jan Samarth Portal is a first-of-its-kind, digital, open-architecture platform that brings various Credit-Linked Government Schemes onto a single interface. It allows citizens to check eligibility, apply online, and get digital approvals for loans spanning education, agriculture, and business.
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Q5. The sudden onset of heavy moisture-laden winds associated with violent thunderstorms and lightning, which officially marks the arrival of the monsoon on the Indian mainland, is geographically termed as:
- The sudden, heavy, and continuous downpour with lightning and thunder that breaks the preceding dry, hot weather is known as the "burst of the monsoon." Mango showers are pre-monsoon rains in Kerala/Karnataka, Kalbaisakhi refers to violent thunderstorms in Bengal, and Western Disturbances cause winter rainfall in the north.