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Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the institutional framework of the NITI Aayog:
i) The Governing Council of the NITI Aayog comprises the Prime Minister as its Chairperson, along with the Chief Ministers of all States and Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories.
ii) The NITI Aayog is a statutory body established under a specific Act of Parliament in 2015 to replace the erstwhile Planning Commission.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct; the Governing Council is the premier body of the NITI Aayog that includes all CMs and Lt. Governors, headed by the PM. Statement 2 is incorrect; NITI Aayog is neither a constitutional nor a statutory body. It was created through an executive resolution passed by the Union Cabinet.
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Q2. The highly strategic Strait of Hormuz, a critical global maritime transit route frequently impacted by regional conflicts, directly connects which of the following water bodies?
- The Strait of Hormuz is the world's most vital oil transit chokepoint. It links the Persian Gulf in the west to the Gulf of Oman (and eventually the Arabian Sea) in the southeast. The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden are connected by the Bab el-Mandeb strait.
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Q3. With reference to the executive branch in the Indian political system, what is the constitutionally mandated term of office for the Prime Minister of India?
- The Indian Constitution does not fix a specific tenure for the Prime Minister. According to Article 75, the Ministers (including the PM) hold office during the pleasure of the President. In practical political terms, this means the Prime Minister remains in office as long as they command the confidence of the majority in the Lok Sabha.
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Q4. In the context of zoonotic diseases, which of the following animals is scientifically recognized as the primary natural reservoir host for the Nipah virus?
- While the Nipah virus can spread through intermediate hosts like pigs or through human-to-human contact, the natural reservoir hosts of the virus are fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family, specifically the Pteropus genus (commonly known as flying foxes).
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Q5. The distribution of seats in the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) among the various States and Union Territories is explicitly detailed in which Schedule of the Indian Constitution, and what is the primary basis for this allocation?
- The Fourth Schedule of the Constitution deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha. Unlike the United States Senate, where all states have equal representation, India allocates Rajya Sabha seats based strictly on the population of the respective States and Union Territories.