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Q1. With reference to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC), consider the following statements:
i) The NCBC has constitutional status.
ii) The Commission is empowered to investigate and monitor safeguards provided for socially and educationally backward classes.
iii) The NCBC performs functions similar to those assigned to the National Commissions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in their respective domains.
iv) The Constitution empowers the NCBC to directly invalidate any law enacted by Parliament if it adversely affects backward classes.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The NCBC was granted constitutional status through a constitutional amendment. Statement 2 is correct: It examines safeguards and addresses grievances relating to backward classes. Statement 3 is correct: Its role broadly parallels that of constitutional commissions established for other disadvantaged groups. Statement 4 is incorrect: The Commission is advisory and recommendatory; it does not possess judicial power to invalidate laws.
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Q2. With reference to tropical cyclones and associated precipitation, consider the following statements:
i) Tropical cyclones derive their energy primarily from warm ocean waters.
ii) Condensation of water vapour within the cyclone contributes to the release of latent heat that strengthens the system.
iii) Tropical cyclones generally weaken after moving over land because their source of moisture and heat supply is reduced.
iv) Heavy rainfall associated with tropical cyclones occurs only in the eyewall region and never outside it.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Warm sea surface temperatures provide energy for cyclone development. Statement 2 is correct: Latent heat released during condensation fuels further uplift and intensification. Statement 3 is correct: Landfall often disrupts the cyclone's energy source and increases friction. Statement 4 is incorrect: Significant rainfall can occur in spiral rainbands as well as near the eyewall.
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Q3. Consider the following statements regarding the Indo-Parthian Kingdom:
i) The Indo-Parthians established their rule over parts of northwestern India and adjoining regions, with Gondophares as important ruler.
ii) The Indo-Parthian Kingdom emerged after the decline of Indo-Greek political authority in several areas.
associated with the Indo-Parthian Kingdom.
iii) The Indo-Parthians were immediately succeeded throughout their territories by the Gupta Empire.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Their influence extended into parts of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwestern India. Gondophares is the best-known ruler of this kingdom. Statement 2 is correct: They emerged during a period of political transition involving several foreign-origin dynasties. Statement 3 is incorrect: The political succession in the region was more complex and involved other powers such as the Kushanas.
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Q4. Which of the following organisations is not involved in the approval of India’s first indigenous Hydrogen Fuel Cell-based train on the Jind–Sonipat section?
- Indian Railways, Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation (granted licences for compressed hydrogen storage) and Research Designs and Standards Organisation (approved safety and operational manuals) are involved in the approval of India’s first indigenous Hydrogen Fuel Cell-based train on the Jind–Sonipat section. While RailTel Corporation of India Ltd is not.
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Q5. With reference to the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), consider the following statements:
i) The NCB is the principal national agency responsible for coordinating actions against illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
ii) The Bureau functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
iii) The NCB coordinates with state agencies and other enforcement bodies in matters relating to narcotics control.
iv) The NCB is the constitutional authority responsible for regulating pharmaceutical pricing in India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The Bureau plays a central role in combating illegal narcotics activities. Statement 2 is correct: It operates under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Statement 3 is correct: Coordination among central and state enforcement agencies is one of its key functions. Statement 4 is incorrect: Regulation of pharmaceutical pricing is outside the mandate of the NCB.