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Q1. The Uniform Civil Code (UCC), which aims to replace personal laws based on the scriptures and customs of each major religious community with a common set of governing rules, falls under the purview of which Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP)?
- Article 44 of the Indian Constitution mandates that the State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India. It is a Directive Principle, meaning it is a guiding framework for governance rather than a legally enforceable fundamental right.
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Q2. Consider the following statements regarding the astronomical phenomenon of a 'Strawberry Moon':
i) It is the traditional nomenclature given exclusively to the full moon that occurs in the month of June.
ii) The name is derived from the fact that atmospheric refraction turns the moon a deep red color resembling a strawberry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct; the term 'Strawberry Moon' is traditionally used to describe the full moon in June. Statement 2 is incorrect; the name does not refer to the moon's physical color. Instead, it was coined by Native American tribes to mark the ripening of "ever-bearing" strawberries ready for harvest in June.
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Q3. In the context of India's taxation system, which of the following major petroleum products currently remain outside the ambit of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) framework?
i) Crude Petroleum
ii) High-Speed Diesel
iii) Motor Spirit (Petrol)
iv) Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF)
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- When the GST was rolled out, five specific hydrocarbon-based products were temporarily kept out of its purview to protect state revenues. These are crude petroleum, high-speed diesel, motor spirit (commonly known as petrol), natural gas, and aviation turbine fuel (ATF). They continue to attract central excise duty and state-level VAT.
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Q4. The strategically vital Strait of Hormuz, responsible for a massive share of the world's daily crude oil transit, acts as a geographic chokepoint connecting which two major water bodies?
- The Strait of Hormuz is the world's most important oil artery. It directly links the Persian Gulf (in the west) to the Gulf of Oman (in the southeast), eventually opening out into the Arabian Sea. The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden are connected by a different chokepoint, the Bab el-Mandeb strait.
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Q5. During the tenure of P.V. Narasimha Rao as the Prime Minister, which landmark constitutional amendment was enacted to grant formal constitutional status and a structured three-tier framework to Panchayati Raj Institutions?
- The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 was passed during the government headed by P.V. Narasimha Rao. It fundamentally transformed grassroots democratic decentralization in India by adding Part IX to the Constitution and establishing a uniform three-tier Panchayati Raj system across the states.