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Q1. Vellore Institute of Technology discovered antibiotic-producing thermophilic bacteria in which of the following places?
- Vellore Institute of Technology discovered antibiotic-producing thermophilic bacteria in Rajgir hot spring in Bihar. Thermophiles are heat-loving bacterias as their enzymatic functions can withstand in extreme temperatures ranging from 45°C to 70°C.
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Q2. Consider the following statements regarding the Priority Sector Lending.
i) Priority Sector Lending is intended to ensure adequate institutional credit to sectors considered important for inclusive economic development.
ii) Domestic Scheduled Commercial Banks are required to achieve prescribed Priority Sector Lending targets as a percentage of their Adjusted Net Bank Credit or Credit Equivalent of Off-Balance Sheet Exposure, whichever is higher.
iii) Agriculture, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), education and renewable energy are among the sectors covered under Priority Sector Lending.
iv) Every loan extended by a commercial bank automatically qualifies as Priority Sector Lending.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: PSL aims to direct institutional credit to sectors that are socially and economically important but may not receive adequate financing under normal market conditions. Statement 2 is correct: The RBI prescribes PSL targets for eligible banks, generally linked to Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC) or the Credit Equivalent of Off-Balance Sheet Exposure, whichever is higher. Statement 3 is correct: Agriculture, MSMEs, education, housing, renewable energy and certain other sectors are included within the PSL framework, subject to RBI guidelines. Statement 4 is incorrect: Only loans satisfying RBI's eligibility conditions qualify as Priority Sector Lending.
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Q3. With reference to the National Sample Survey (NSS), consider the following statements:
i) The National Sample Survey collects socio-economic data through scientifically designed sample surveys conducted across the country.
ii) The surveys generate information on subjects such as employment, consumption, health, education and other socio-economic indicators.
iii) The National Sample Survey covers only urban areas of India.
iv) The survey findings are widely used for policy formulation, research and economic planning.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The NSS is based on scientific sampling techniques to collect reliable socio-economic data. Statement 2 is correct: It covers a broad range of subjects, including employment, unemployment, consumer expenditure, education and health. Statement 3 is incorrect: NSS surveys cover both rural and urban areas. Statement 4 is correct: Governments, researchers and policy institutions use NSS data extensively.
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Q4. This national park forms part of the Eastern Ghats landscape and was declared a National Park in 1974. It has an Elephant corridor and the vegetation contains a mix of southern tropical dry deciduous forests, moist deciduous forests and scrub forests. It also houses India's First Butterfly Park. What is the name of this national park?
- Bannerghatta National Park in Karnataka forms part of the Eastern Ghats landscape and was declared a National Park in 1974. It has an Elephant corridor and the vegetation contains a mix of southern tropical dry deciduous forests, moist deciduous forests and scrub forests. It also houses India's First Butterfly Park.
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Q5. With reference to the Pitt's India Act, 1784, consider the following statements:
i) The Act established a Board of Control to supervise the civil, military and political affairs of the East India Company's territories.
ii) It introduced a system of dual control under which the East India Company continued commercial functions while the British Government exercised greater political oversight.
iii) The Act completely abolished the East India Company's commercial activities in India.
iv) The Governor-General's authority over the Presidencies of Bombay and Madras was strengthened under the Act.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The Act created the Board of Control, enabling the British Government to supervise the Company's political and administrative affairs. Statement 2 is correct: Pitt's India Act established dual control—the Company retained commercial functions, while the British Government exercised greater control over political matters. Statement 3 is incorrect: The East India Company's commercial functions continued after the Act. Its trade monopoly was curtailed only by later legislation, particularly the Charter Acts. Statement 4 is correct: The Governor-General acquired stronger supervisory powers over the Presidencies of Bombay and Madras, promoting greater administrative centralisation.