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Q1. With reference to the Nanda Dynasty, consider the following statements:
i) The Nanda rulers established their power in Magadha before the rise of the Mauryan Empire.
ii) The dynasty is known for maintaining a large standing army and accumulating considerable wealth.
iii) Mahapadma Nanda is often regarded in historical traditions as the founder of the dynasty.
iv) The Nanda Dynasty was overthrown by Samudragupta, leading to the establishment of the Gupta Empire.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The Nandas ruled Magadha immediately before the Mauryas. Statement 2 is correct: Ancient accounts describe the Nandas as possessing immense wealth and a powerful military establishment. Statement 3 is correct: Mahapadma Nanda is generally regarded as the founder of the dynasty. Statement 4 is incorrect: The last Nanda ruler was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya, not Samudragupta.
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Q2. Which of the following statements about Geostrophic winds is INCORRECT?
i) Geostrophic winds result from a balance between the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force.
ii) Geostrophic winds blow parallel to isobars.
iii) Geostrophic winds are most accurately observed near the Earth's surface where friction is strongest.
iv) Geostrophic winds are more applicable to large-scale atmospheric circulation in the upper troposphere.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Geostrophic wind occurs when the pressure gradient force is balanced by the Coriolis force. Statement 2 is correct: Under geostrophic balance, winds flow parallel to isobars. Statement 3 is incorrect: Surface friction disrupts the geostrophic balance; hence geostrophic winds are not best observed near the surface. Statement 4 is correct: Geostrophic winds are most relevant in the upper atmosphere where friction is minimal.
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Q3. These plants are among the oldest living seed plants on Earth originating about 280–300 million years ago and are found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. They belong to the Gymnosperms and are often called "living fossils". Their ae Dioecious Plants and their seeds are not enclosed within fruits. Male and female reproductive structures occur on separate plants. They possess coralloid roots which contain cyanobacteria (such as Nostoc and Anabaena) that fix atmospheric nitrogen. Which plants are described above?
- Cycads are among the oldest living seed plants on Earth originating about 280–300 million years ago and are found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. They belong to the Gymnosperms and are often called "living fossils". Their ae Dioecious Plants and their seeds are not enclosed within fruits. Male and female reproductive structures occur on separate plants. They possess coralloid roots which contain cyanobacteria (such as Nostoc and Anabaena) that fix atmospheric nitrogen.
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Q4. Consider the following statements regarding the Directorate General of Civil Aviation.
i) The DGCA functions under the Ministry of Civil Aviation and is responsible for regulating civil aviation safety in India.
ii) It grants licenses to pilots, aircraft maintenance engineers, and air operators, and is responsible for investigating aircraft accidents in India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: DGCA is an attached office under the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It regulates civil aviation safety and standards. Statement 2 is incorrect: DGCA issues licenses and approvals related to civil aviation personnel and operations but Aircraft accident investigation is carried out by the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau.
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Q5. Consider the following statements regarding Call money and Notice money.
i) Call money refers to funds borrowed or lent for one day.
ii) Notice money refers to funds borrowed or lent for more than one day and up to fourteen days.
iii) Both call money and notice money are components of the short-term money market.
iv) These instruments are primarily used for long-term infrastructure financing.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Call money transactions are overnight transactions. Statement 2 is correct: Notice money transactions have a maturity of more than one day and up to fourteen days. Statement 3 is correct: Both are part of the short-term money market used mainly by banks and financial institutions. Statement 4 is incorrect: They are liquidity management instruments, not long-term financing instruments