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Q1. With reference to the administration of Akbar, consider the following statements:
i) Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system, under which officials were assigned military and civil responsibilities based on their rank.
ii) The revenue system associated with Akbar was substantially developed by Raja Todar Mal through systematic land measurement and assessment.
iii) The empire was divided into Subahs, each administered by a Subahdar appointed by the Emperor.
iv) Under the Mansabdari system, Mansabdars did not hold any hereditary rights over the assigned office.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The Mansabdari system organized civil and military administration through graded ranks. Statement 2 is correct: Raja Todar Mal developed the Zabt (Dahsala) revenue system based on land measurement and average produce. Statement 3 is correct: Akbar reorganized the empire into Subahs, improving provincial administration. Statement 4 is correct: Mansabs were not hereditary. Appointment, promotion and transfer remained at the discretion of the Emperor.
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Q2. Below are given some statements with reference to structural soils.
i) Structural soils are specially engineered mixtures designed to support tree growth beneath paved urban surfaces and in arid regions.
ii) Their use can contribute to healthier urban trees and improved stormwater management.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Structural soils are engineered for urban landscaping. They combine stone aggregates with soil to support pavement loads while allowing root penetration. Statement 2 is correct: They improve tree health and help manage urban runoff.
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Q3. With reference to the Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar (MGMD) Initiative, consider the following statements:
i) The initiative seeks to document and preserve the cultural heritage of Indian villages.
ii) It is implemented by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA).
iii) The initiative aims to create a comprehensive digital repository of villages showcasing their traditions, art forms and heritage.
iv) The programme is limited exclusively to villages notified as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: MGMD aims to preserve India's rural cultural heritage. Statement 2 is correct: It is implemented by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) under the Ministry of Culture. Statement 3 is correct: The initiative creates a digital inventory of villages and their cultural assets. Statement 4 is incorrect: It covers villages across India and is not confined to UNESCO heritage villages.
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Q4. This specific category of cardholder is not considered a citizen of India under the Constitution. They enjoy lifelong multiple-entry visas for visiting India, subject to applicable laws. They have the right to vote in elections to Parliament and State Legislatures. Their registration may be cancelled on grounds specified under the Citizenship Act. Which category of persons is being talked about?
- Overseas Citizen of India cardholders are not considered a citizen of India under the Constitution. They enjoy lifelong multiple-entry visas for visiting India, subject to applicable laws. They have the right to vote in elections to Parliament and State Legislatures. Their registration may be cancelled on grounds specified under the Citizenship Act.
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Q5. With reference to the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA), consider the following statements:
i) CARA directly manages all child care institutions in the country.
ii) CARA is a statutory body functioning under the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
iii) It regulates and monitors the adoption of orphaned, abandoned and surrendered children.
iv) CARA serves as India's designated Central Authority under the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is incorrect: Child Care Institutions are managed by State Governments and recognised agencies; CARA regulates the adoption framework rather than directly administering all such institutions. Statement 2 is correct: CARA is a statutory body under the Ministry of Women and Child Development. Statement 3 is correct: It regulates adoption procedures for orphaned, abandoned and surrendered children. Statement 4 is correct: CARA functions as India's Central Authority under the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption.