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Q1. With reference to the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), consider the following statements:
i) The Defence Acquisition Council is the apex decision-making body for matters relating to capital acquisition for the Armed Forces.
ii) It is chaired by the Prime Minister.
iii) The Council accords acceptance of necessity for major defence procurement proposals before the acquisition process moves forward.
iv) The Defence Acquisition Council functions as a constitutional body established under Article 53 of the Constitution.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The DAC is the highest body in the Ministry of Defence for decisions relating to capital procurement of defence equipment. Statement 2 is incorrect: It is chaired by the Union Defence Minister. Statement 3 is correct: One of its principal functions is granting the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN), which initiates the acquisition process. Statement 4 is incorrect: The DAC is an executive body, not a constitutional body.
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Q2. Which state became the first to launch a Tribal Genome Sequencing Project to build a reference genetic
database?
- Gujarat became the first state to launch a Tribal Genome Sequencing Project to build a reference genetic database. Implemented by the Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, the initiative will sequence the genomes of 2,000 tribal individuals across Gujarat.
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Q3. Consider these statements regarding Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Dating.
i) AMS dating is commonly applied in archaeology, geology and palaeontology and it can accurately determine the age of all rocks irrespective of their composition or geological age.
ii) AMS dating is widely used for estimating the age of organic materials by measuring specific radioactive isotopes by using much smaller sample quantities.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is incorrect: AMS has applications in archaeology, geology, environmental science and related disciplines but it is not suitable for dating every type of rock. Radiocarbon dating is limited to once-living materials, while different isotopic methods are used for many rocks. Statement 2 is correct: AMS commonly measures isotopes such as Carbon-14 for dating organic remains. It requires only minute quantities of sample, making it valuable for rare archaeological specimens.
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Q4. Below are given few statements with reference to the National Cooperative Policy 2025.
i) The policy seeks to strengthen the cooperative movement by promoting professional management, transparency and accountability.
ii) It emphasizes the greater use of digital technology and capacity building in cooperative institutions.
iii) One of its objectives is to encourage cooperatives to contribute to rural development and inclusive economic growth.
iv) The policy abolishes the autonomy of cooperative societies by transferring all management powers to the Union Government.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The policy aims to modernize the cooperative sector through better governance and professionalism. Statement 2 is correct: It encourages digitization, skill development and institutional capacity building. Statement 3 is correct: Cooperatives are expected to play a greater role in agriculture, rural livelihoods, financial inclusion and local economic development. Statement 4 is incorrect: The policy seeks to strengthen cooperatives while respecting the cooperative principles and the constitutional framework. It does not transfer the management of all cooperatives to the Union Government.
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Q5. With reference to the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha, consider the following statements:
i) The Constitution requires the Lok Sabha to choose one of its members as the Deputy Speaker as soon as may be after the election of the Speaker.
ii) The Deputy Speaker continues in office until immediately before the first sitting of the next Lok Sabha, unless he or she resigns, ceases to be a member, or is removed earlier.
iii) The Deputy Speaker vacates office automatically upon the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.
iv) While presiding over a sitting of the Lok Sabha, the Deputy Speaker exercises powers similar to those of the Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha in conducting the proceedings.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Article 93 of the Constitution provides that the Lok Sabha shall, as soon as may be, choose two of its members to be the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker. Statement 2 is correct: Under Article 94, the Deputy Speaker remains in office until immediately before the first sitting of the newly constituted Lok Sabha, unless the office is vacated earlier due to resignation, cessation of membership, or removal. Statement 3 is incorrect: The Deputy Speaker does not vacate office immediately upon the dissolution of the Lok Sabha. Like the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker continues until just before the first sitting of the next Lok Sabha to ensure continuity in the office. Statement 4 is incorrect: When presiding over the House in the Speaker's absence, the Deputy Speaker exercises substantially the same procedural powers as the Speaker.