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Q1. Consider the following statements with reference to the Chahamanas.
i) The Chahamanas ruled parts of present-day Rajasthan with Ajmer as an important political centre.
ii) Prithviraj III (Prithviraj Chauhan) is associated with the Second Battle of Tarain fought against Muhammad Ghori.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The Chahamanas (Chauhans) were an influential Rajput dynasty ruling Shakambhari (Sambhar), Ajmer and surrounding regions. Ajmer became one of the principal centres of Chahamana administration. Statement 2 is correct: Prithviraj III is associated with the Second Battle of Tarain (1192 CE), where he was defeated by Muhammad Ghori.
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Q2. With reference to the Marxian Theory of Population, consider the following statements:
i) The Marxian theory argues that poverty and unemployment arise primarily from the unequal distribution of resources and the capitalist mode of production rather than from population growth itself.
ii) According to Marxian thought, improvements in social and economic arrangements can mitigate many problems commonly attributed to population increase.
iii) The Marxian theory does not advocate strict population control as the principal solution to economic inequality.
iv) Marx rejected the view that population growth alone is the fundamental cause of widespread poverty.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: Marx attributed poverty largely to the structure of the capitalist economy rather than excessive population growth. Statement 2 is correct: He believed that social and economic reforms could address unemployment and poverty more effectively than population restriction. Statement 3 is correct: Unlike Malthus, Marx did not advocate population control as the primary remedy. Statement 4 is correct: Marx criticised the idea that population growth by itself explains poverty and unemployment.
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Q3. Which of the following statements is correct about the Cromer India Bengaluru?
- CRIB stands for Cromer India Bengaluru and is a new antigen identified within the Cromer (CR) blood group system. It has never been observed in any human sample globally.
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Q4. With reference to the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) during elections in India, consider the following statements.
i) The Model Code of Conduct comes into operation from the date on which the Election Commission announces the election schedule.
ii) The MCC is intended to ensure a level playing field among political parties and candidates during elections.
iii) The MCC is a statutory law enacted by Parliament under the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
iv) During the operation of the MCC, governments are generally expected to avoid announcing new schemes or making promises that could influence voters, except where permitted by the Election Commission.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct: The MCC takes effect from the date the Election Commission announces the election schedule. Statement 2 is correct: Its objective is to promote free and fair elections by ensuring equal treatment of all contestants. Statement 3 is incorrect: The MCC is not a statutory law. It is a set of agreed guidelines enforced by the Election Commission through its constitutional powers and relevant legal provisions where applicable. Statement 4 is correct: Governments are generally restrained from announcing new welfare schemes, financial grants, policy decisions or projects that could influence the electorate, unless specifically permitted by the Election Commission.
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Q5. This plateau is part of the Peninsular Plateau characterized by undulating uplands, flat-topped hills, deep valleys, and escarpments. Average elevation ranges between 500–900 metres above sea level and is drained primarily by rivers like Sabari (Kolab), Dankini, and Shankini. Famous Waterfalls include the Chitrakote Falls and Tirathgarh Falls. It is dominated by tropical moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests. Which plateau is being discussed here?
- Bastar plateau is part of the Peninsular Plateau characterized by undulating uplands, flat-topped hills, deep valleys, and escarpments. Average elevation ranges between 500–900 metres above sea level and is drained primarily by rivers like Sabari (Kolab), Dankini, and Shankini. Famous Waterfalls include the Chitrakote Falls and Tirathgarh Falls. It is dominated by tropical moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests.