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Q1. Which of the following correctly defines dolmens of Kodaikanal?
- Dolmens of Kodaikanal are fast disappearing megalithic structures dating back over 5,000 years. Less than 50% of the dolmens recorded in the early 20th century are still standing.
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Q2. Consider the following statements regarding personality rights in India:
i) India has a comprehensive parliamentary legislation that exclusively codifies personality rights applicable throughout the country.
ii) Courts in India have recognized personality rights primarily by drawing upon constitutional principles and the law relating to privacy and publicity.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is incorrect. India does not have a standalone statute exclusively governing personality rights. Instead, protection has evolved through: Judicial decisions, Constitutional principles, Passing off under trademark law, Copyright law (in limited contexts) and Right to privacy jurisprudence Statement 2 is correct. Indian courts have recognized personality rights by relying upon: Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty, including privacy) Common law principles Protection against misrepresentation and unfair commercial exploitation
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Q3. Below are given few statements regarding Foreigners Tribunals:
i) Foreigners Tribunals are quasi-judicial bodies constituted for determining whether a person is a foreigner under the applicable law.
ii) Their establishment derives from powers conferred under the Foreigners Act, 1946.
iii) Every decision of a Foreigners Tribunal automatically results in the immediate deportation of the concerned individual.
iv) Orders of a Foreigners Tribunal are subject to judicial review by constitutional courts.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. Foreigners Tribunals are quasi-judicial bodies entrusted with determining whether an individual should legally be regarded as a foreigner. Their role is adjudicatory rather than administrative. Statement 2 is correct. The Central Government is empowered under the Foreigners Act, 1946, to establish such tribunals through appropriate legal provisions and delegated rules. Statement 3 is incorrect. A Tribunal's declaration does not automatically result in deportation. Subsequent administrative and diplomatic processes may involve: Verification of nationality Acceptance by another country Detention, release, or other legal proceedings Judicial review where applicable Therefore, deportation is not an automatic legal consequence. Statement 4 is correct. Although Tribunal decisions are binding unless set aside, they remain open to challenge before: High Courts (Article 226) Supreme Court (Article 32 or Article 136 where applicable)
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Q4. Consider the following statements regarding Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary:
i) Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the State of Odisha and lies adjacent to the Hirakud Reservoir.
ii) The sanctuary forms part of the catchment landscape associated with the Mahanadi River.
iii) It is known for supporting populations of large herbivores as well as predators such as the leopard.
iv) Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary has been designated as a Ramsar Site because of its extensive wetland ecosystem.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Bargarh district of Odisha, adjoining the Hirakud Reservoir, one of India's largest artificial lakes. Statement 2 is correct. The sanctuary occupies part of the ecological landscape associated with the Mahanadi River basin, and the Hirakud Reservoir significantly influences its habitats. Statement 3 is correct. The sanctuary supports diverse fauna including: Indian Gaur, Sambar, Chital, Wild Boar, Sloth Bear, Leopard. The combination of forests and reservoir ecosystems contributes to its biodiversity. Statement 4 is incorrect. Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is not a Ramsar Site. While it includes important aquatic habitats associated with the Hirakud Reservoir, it has not been designated under the Ramsar Convention.
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Q5. The Wassenaar Arrangement is related to which of the following?
- The Wassenaar Arrangement is related to ceasefire and pull-back of forces around the key city of Wassenar. It is a voluntary, consensus-based coordination mechanism.