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Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Mughal architecture:
i) Pietra Dura is a decorative technique in which finely cut semi-precious stones are inlaid into a polished stone surface to create ornamental designs.
ii) Arabesque decoration is characterized by repetitive geometric, floral and scrolling vegetal patterns rather than depictions of human figures.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. Pietra Dura is an ornamental inlay technique in which precisely cut pieces of coloured semi-precious stones are embedded into marble or other polished stones to produce intricate decorative motifs. Commonly used stones include: Jasper, Carnelian, Lapis Lazuli, Jade, Onyx, Turquoise. Statement 2 is correct. The Arabesque style consists of: Interlacing floral motifs, Stylized leaves, Creepers, Geometric forms, Continuous symmetrical patterns. The style emphasizes abstraction rather than realistic representation of living beings.
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Q2. Below are given few statements regarding the hypsometric curve of the ocean floor:
i) A hypsometric curve represents the distribution of the Earth's surface area with respect to elevation on land and depth in the oceans.
ii) The hypsometric curve is primarily used to determine the salinity distribution of ocean waters.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. A hypsometric curve is a graphical representation showing how the Earth's surface area is distributed according to elevation (land) and depth (oceans). It is useful in physical geography and geomorphology. Statement 2 is incorrect. The hypsometric curve has nothing to do with salinity distribution. It is concerned only with: Elevation, Relief, Surface area, Depth distribution.
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Q3. Consider the following statements regarding the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV):
i) GSLV is designed to place satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) as well as certain Low Earth Orbit missions.
ii) One of the distinguishing technological features of GSLV is the use of a cryogenic upper stage.
iii) Compared to the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), GSLV is generally capable of launching heavier communication satellites into higher-energy orbits.
iv) Every stage of the GSLV uses only cryogenic propulsion.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. The primary mission of GSLV is to deploy satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). It has also been used for certain missions requiring placement into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) depending on mission objectives. Statement 2 is correct. The defining technological feature of GSLV is its cryogenic upper stage, which uses liquid hydrogen as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxidizer. Cryogenic engines provide: High efficiency, Greater specific impulse, Higher payload capability. Statement 3 is correct. Compared to PSLV, GSLV can launch heavier satellites, particularly communication satellites intended for geostationary applications. Statement 4 is incorrect. Only the upper stage is cryogenic. The lower stages employ: Solid propellant, Earth-storable liquid propellants Hence, not every stage uses cryogenic propulsion.
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Q4. This National Park is located in the Zabarwan Range of the western Himalayas and its name literally means "Ten Villages". Initially, the area was conserved to secure a reliable drinking water supply for a major city. It has an exceptional altitudinal variation of roughly 1,650–4,300 metres, resulting in a wide variety of habitats, from temperate forests to alpine meadows.
The Dagwan River originates from the high-altitude Marsar Lake and flows through the park, feeding reservoirs that supply drinking water. The park is dominated by broad-leaved forests and grasslands. Which National park is being discussed here?
- Dachigam National Park is located in the Zabarwan Range of the western Himalayas and its name literally means "Ten Villages". Initially, the area was conserved to secure a reliable drinking water supply for Srinagar. It has an exceptional altitudinal variation of roughly 1,650–4,300 metres, resulting in a wide variety of habitats, from temperate forests to alpine meadows. The Dagwan River originates from the high-altitude Marsar Lake and flows through the park, feeding reservoirs that supply drinking water. The park is dominated by broad-leaved forests and grasslands.
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Q5. Which of the following is the Indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC)?
- INS Androth is the Indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC). It is built for anti-submarine patrols, coastal security, and shallow-water operations in India’s maritime zones.