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Q1. Consider the following statements regarding single-use plastics (SUPs):
i) Single-use plastics are products designed primarily for one-time use before being discarded or recycled.
ii) The ban on identified single-use plastic items in India applies uniformly to all plastic products irrespective of their intended use or recyclability.
iii) India's regulatory approach combines restrictions on specified single-use plastic items with Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for plastic packaging.
iv) The objective of regulating single-use plastics includes reducing plastic litter, protecting ecosystems and encouraging the adoption of sustainable alternatives.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. Single-use plastics are articles intended to be used once or for a very short duration before disposal, such as certain disposable cutlery, plates, stirrers and straws. Statement 2 is incorrect. India has not banned every plastic product. The regulations target specified single-use plastic items having high littering potential and low utility, while other plastic products remain governed by separate waste-management rules and EPR provisions. Statement 3 is correct. India's plastic waste management framework combines: Ban on specified SUP items, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), Recycling targets and Producer accountability. Statement 4 is correct. The broader objectives include- Reducing land and marine pollution, Conserving biodiversity, Encouraging reusable products and Promoting a circular economy.
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Q2. Below are given few statements regarding quantum-enabled algorithmic trading:
i) Quantum-enabled algorithmic trading refers to the application of quantum computing techniques to solve selected computational problems encountered in financial markets.
ii) Quantum algorithms may potentially improve portfolio optimization and risk analysis for certain classes of problems.
iii) Quantum-enabled algorithmic trading has completely replaced conventional algorithmic trading in global financial markets.
iv) Practical implementation of quantum-enabled trading remains constrained by technological challenges associated with present-day quantum computers.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. The concept involves applying quantum computing to computationally intensive financial tasks, including optimization and predictive modelling. Statement 2 is correct. Potential applications include: Portfolio optimization, Risk modelling, Option pricing, Market simulation and Pattern recognition. Statement 3 is incorrect. Quantum computing is not yet mature enough to replace classical high-frequency or algorithmic trading systems. Current applications remain largely experimental. Statement 4 is correct. Limitations include: Limited qubits, Decoherence, Error correction challenges, Hardware constraints.
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Q3. Consider the following statements regarding Atal Innovation Centres:
i) India’s first overseas Atal Innovation Centre was inaugurated at IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi campus.
ii) Their primary objective is to regulate patents and intellectual property rights in India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. India’s first overseas Atal Innovation Centre was inaugurated at IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi campus. Statement 2 is incorrect. Patent administration in India is carried out under the statutory intellectual property framework. Innovation centres facilitate innovation but do not function as patent regulators.
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Q4. This National Park forms part of the Palamau Tiger Reserve and will host India’s first AI-enabled nature experience centre. The park contains tropical deciduous forests with a mixture of sal and bamboo vegetation. Asian elephants, leopards and gaur are among the important mammals found in the park. Which national park is discussed here?
- Betla National Park forms part of the Palamau Tiger Reserve and will host India’s first AI-enabled nature experience centre. The park contains tropical deciduous forests with a mixture of sal and bamboo vegetation. Asian elephants, leopards and gaur are among the important mammals found in the park.
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Q5. Consider the following statements regarding Aflatoxins:
i) Aflatoxins are toxic compounds produced by certain species of fungi that commonly infect food grains and nuts under favourable conditions.
ii) Warm and humid storage conditions increase the likelihood of aflatoxin contamination.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced mainly by fungi of the Aspergillus genus. Commonly affected commodities include: Groundnuts, Maize, Chillies, Tree nuts and Oilseeds Statement 2 is correct. Fungal growth is favoured by: High humidity, Warm temperatures, Poor storage, Mechanical damage to grains.