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Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Sarik-Sarak:
i) Sarik-Sarak is associated with the traditional martial-art heritage of India.
ii) Traditional Indian martial arts often combine physical combat techniques with elements of discipline, agility and weapon handling.
iii) The practice of Sarik-Sarak is primarily associated with the martial traditions of Kerala's Kalaripayattu.
iv) Traditional martial arts such as Sarik-Sarak can form part of India's broader intangible cultural heritage.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. Sarik-Sarak is referred to in the context of India's traditional martial-art traditions. Such practices are significant not merely as systems of combat but also as repositories of regional cultural practices. Statement 2 is correct. Traditional martial systems in India frequently incorporate several dimensions: Physical conditioning, Agility and balance, Hand-to-hand combat and Weapon techniques. Thus, they cannot be understood merely as modern sporting activities. Statement 3 is incorrect. Sarik-Sarak should not be equated with Kalaripayattu. Kalaripayattu is a distinct martial tradition associated particularly with Kerala. Statement 4 is correct. Traditional martial practices can contribute to India's intangible cultural heritage by preserving: Indigenous knowledge, Training traditions, Community practices and Performance traditions.
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Q2. Below are given few statements regarding the Finance Commission of India:
i) The President constitutes the Finance Commission ordinarily every five years or earlier when considered necessary.
ii) The recommendations of the Finance Commission are automatically binding on both the Union and State governments.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. The Constitution provides that the President shall constitute a Finance Commission: Within the prescribed period after commencement of the Constitution, and Thereafter at the expiration of every fifth year, or earlier if the President considers it necessary. The Commission consists of a Chairman and four other members, appointed by the President. Statement 2 is incorrect. The recommendations of the Finance Commission are recommendatory, rather than automatically binding constitutional commands. The Union government considers the recommendations and takes appropriate action through the constitutional and legislative framework.
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Q3. Consider the following statements regarding the acquisition of Indian citizenship under the Citizenship Act, 1955:
i) Citizenship of India may be acquired by birth, descent, registration and naturalisation, subject to the conditions prescribed by law.
ii) Incorporation of territory is also recognized as a mode through which citizenship may be acquired.
iii) Every person born in India automatically becomes an Indian citizen irrespective of the date of birth and the citizenship status of the parents.
iv) Registration and naturalisation are identical processes and impose exactly the same eligibility conditions.
v) The Citizenship Act, 1955 provides the statutory framework dealing with acquisition and determination of Indian citizenship.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. The Citizenship Act, 1955 provides several routes for acquiring Indian citizenship, including: By birth, By descent, By registration and By naturalisation. The eligibility conditions vary according to the route and the applicable law. Statement 2 is correct. Incorporation of territory is another statutory route. Where territory becomes part of India, the Central Government may specify the persons who shall become citizens by virtue of the territory's incorporation into India. Statement 3 is incorrect. Indian citizenship by birth is not an unconditional rule applicable to everyone born in India. The legal position depends, among other things, upon the date of birth and the citizenship status of the parents. Therefore, the phrase "irrespective of the date of birth and citizenship status of parents" makes the statement incorrect. Statement 4 is incorrect. Registration and naturalisation are distinct legal routes. They differ in: Eligibility, Conditions, Documentation, Residence requirements. Naturalisation generally concerns persons who satisfy prescribed conditions for becoming citizens, whereas registration applies to specified categories recognized by law. Statement 5 is correct. The Citizenship Act, 1955 is the principal statute dealing with the acquisition and determination of Indian citizenship.
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Q4. Consider the following statements regarding geosynchronous and geostationary satellites:
i) A geosynchronous satellite has an orbital period equal to the Earth's rotation period relative to the stars.
ii) Every geostationary satellite is geosynchronous, but every geosynchronous satellite need not be geostationary.
iii) For a satellite to appear fixed over a particular point on the equator, its orbit must be circular, equatorial and in the same direction as Earth's rotation.
iv) A geosynchronous satellite with significant orbital inclination can appear to oscillate north and south of the equator when observed from Earth.
v) Geostationary satellites are located in low Earth orbit because remaining over one point requires proximity to the Earth's surface.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 is correct. A geosynchronous orbit has an orbital period matching Earth's rotational period, approximately one sidereal day. This causes the satellite to return to approximately the same position relative to the rotating Earth after each orbital period. Statement 2 is correct. Geostationary orbit is a special type of geosynchronous orbit. Therefore: Geostationary ⊂ Geosynchronous But a geosynchronous orbit can have characteristics such as: Inclination and Eccentricity that prevent the satellite from appearing permanently stationary over one terrestrial point. Statement 3 is correct. For a satellite to remain apparently fixed above one location on the equator, the ideal orbit must be: Circular Equatorial, Prograde, i.e. in Earth's direction of rotation and at the appropriate orbital altitude. Statement 4 is correct. If a geosynchronous satellite has orbital inclination, it will not remain directly above the equator throughout its apparent motion. To an observer on Earth, it can appear to move north and south relative to the equator. Thus, geosynchronous does not automatically mean stationary in the sky. Statement 5 is incorrect. Geostationary satellites are not in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). They occupy a very high orbit, approximately: 35,786 km above the equatorial surface. This enormous altitude allows the satellite's orbital period to match Earth's rotation.
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Q5. This tiger reserve is located at the junction of the Aravalli and Vindhyan geological landscapes with a terrain that combines dry deciduous forests, rocky outcrops, grasslands, lakes and seasonal streams.
The reserve's landscape is relatively dry, making its water bodies extremely important for wildlife, particularly during summer. The fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its presence creates an unusual combination of natural heritage and cultural heritage within the same landscape.
Dominant vegetation is broadly dry deciduous forest, with Dhok (Anogeissus pendula) being particularly characteristic. Other vegetation includes babul, ber, neem and various grasses and shrubs. Which tiger reserve is discussed here ?
- Ranthambore tiger reserve is located at the junction of the Aravalli and Vindhyan geological landscapes with a terrain that combines dry deciduous forests, rocky outcrops, grasslands, lakes and seasonal streams. The reserve's landscape is relatively dry, making its water bodies extremely important for wildlife, particularly during summer. The fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its presence creates an unusual combination of natural heritage and cultural heritage within the same landscape. Dominant vegetation is broadly dry deciduous forest, with Dhok (Anogeissus pendula) being particularly characteristic. Other vegetation includes babul, ber, neem and various grasses and shrubs.