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Q1. With reference to the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 2010, consider the following statements:
i) A political party is permitted to accept foreign contribution under the FCRA if the contribution is used exclusively for non-political social activities.
ii) Administrative expenditure from foreign contribution is subject to a statutory ceiling, although expenditure beyond that ceiling may be permitted with prior approval of the Central Government.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 — Incorrect. The FCRA specifically identifies political parties and their office-bearers among those prohibited from accepting foreign contribution. The restriction is not removed merely because the proposed use of the money is described as social or non-political. Statement 2 — Correct. The FCRA places a ceiling of 20% on the amount of foreign contribution that may ordinarily be used for administrative expenses. Administrative expenditure above that limit requires prior approval of the Central Government.
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Q2. Below are given few statements with reference to passive euthanasia and the legal position in India.
i) Passive euthanasia involves withholding or withdrawing medical treatment that is sustaining or prolonging life, under legally permissible circumstances.
ii) The Supreme Court has recognised a competent person's right to refuse medical treatment as part of the broader principles of dignity, autonomy and self-determination.
iii) Active euthanasia and passive euthanasia are legally identical because both necessarily involve the administration of a substance intended to cause death.
iv) A living will or advance medical directive can be relevant to decisions concerning future medical treatment when a person subsequently loses decision-making capacity.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 — Correct. Passive euthanasia generally refers to withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining medical intervention in circumstances where continuation of such treatment is legally permissible to discontinue. Statement 2 — Correct. The Supreme Court has recognised the right of a competent individual to refuse medical treatment. Statement 3 — Correct. The legal position is more complicated when the patient cannot make an informed decision. The Supreme Court has recognised that passive euthanasia involving an incompetent patient is subject to safeguards and that decisions must satisfy the applicable legal requirements, including consideration of the best interests of the patient. Statement 4 — Correct. An advance medical directive, commonly referred to as a living will, enables a person to express preferences concerning medical treatment in anticipation of a future situation in which they may lose decision-making capacity.
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Q3. With reference to India's National Quantum Mission (NQM), consider the following statements:
i) The National Quantum Mission was approved by the Union Cabinet in 2023 with an outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore for the period 2023–24 to 2030–31.
ii) The Mission focuses exclusively on quantum computing and does not cover quantum communication or quantum sensing.
iii) Four Thematic Hubs have been established under the Mission covering quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum sensing and metrology, and quantum materials and devices.
iv) The Mission envisages development of intermediate-scale quantum computers using platforms such as superconducting and photonic technologies.
v) One of its communication-related objectives is to develop secure quantum communication capabilities, including satellite-based links over substantial distances within India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Statement 1 — Correct. The Union Cabinet approved the National Quantum Mission on 19 April 2023. It has an approved outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore for the period 2023–24 to 2030–31, covering an eight-year period. The Mission is intended to develop India's capabilities in quantum technologies and create a broader research and industrial ecosystem. Statement 2 — Incorrect. NQM is not restricted to quantum computing. Its principal technological areas include: Quantum Computing Quantum Communication Quantum Sensing and Metrology Quantum Materials and Devices Statement 3 — Correct. Four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) have been established for the four major domains: Quantum Computing Quantum Communication Quantum Sensing & Metrology Quantum Materials & Devices Statement 4 — Correct. The Mission includes development of intermediate-scale quantum computers. Its targets are structured across 3-year, 5-year and 8-year milestones, ultimately reaching the 50–1000 physical-qubit range over the longer horizon, using technologies including superconducting and photonic platforms. Statement 5 — Correct. Quantum communication is another major component. The Mission includes the development of satellite-based secure quantum communication between ground stations over a range of about 2,000 km within India. It also includes longer-distance secure quantum communication and inter-city quantum key distribution
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Q4. Which of the following states became the first to launch a Marine Spatial Plan?
- Odisha became the first state to launch a Marine Spatial Plan recently.
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Q5. This national park is located in the Vindhyan region of central Indiaa and the protected area is part of the Tiger Reserve. The Ken River flows through the tiger reserve and the landscape consists predominantly of dry deciduous forests, interspersed with plateaus, valleys, grasslands and rocky terrain.
The region is part of the Bundelkhand landscape, The deep gorges and rocky terrain created by the Ken provide distinctive habitats for wildlife.
The reserve supports species such as: Leopard, Sloth bear, Dhole, Chital, Sambar etc. Which national park is discussed here?
- Panna National Park is located in the Vindhyan region of central Indiaa and the protected area is part of the Tiger Reserve. The Ken River flows through the tiger reserve and the landscape consists predominantly of dry deciduous forests, interspersed with plateaus, valleys, grasslands and rocky terrain. The region is part of the Bundelkhand landscape, The deep gorges and rocky terrain created by the Ken provide distinctive habitats for wildlife. The reserve supports species such as: Leopard, Sloth bear, Dhole, Chital, Sambar etc.